I. H. Verkhratskyi (1846–1919): at the origins of Ukrainian natural science

  • Liudmyla Vaniuha Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-0067
  • Yaroslava Toporivska Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6271
  • Oksana Hysa Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University
  • Iryna Zharkova Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-1498
  • Mykola Bazhanov Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University
Keywords: natural terminology, zoology, botany, Lviv University, Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society

Abstract

Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi (in some other sources – Verkhratsky). He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. The scientist also wrote poetry and translated from foreign languages. The article covers the life and scientific and pedagogical activities of I. H. Verkhratskyi – one of the founders of Ukrainian natural science, who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian natural terminology and nomenclature, the author of the first textbooks on botany, zoology, mineralogy. The authors believe that I. H. Verkhratskyi can be considered one of the founders of Ukrainian scientific terminology in Natural Science, and today his works in this area remain relevant. These works are also valuable from the historical and cognitive points of view as one of the sources for studying the process of formation of the Ukrainian literary language and scientific and natural terminology. I. H. Verkhratskyi devoted himself to the establishment of the Ukrainian literary language, its scientific and journalistic backgrounds, and made a significant contribution to lexicography, dialectology, and schooling. Based on the scientific publications and memoirs of his colleagues and students, the authors have recreated the main stages of his biography and considered his professional career. His activity in the field of formation of natural science terminology have been considered in detail. Dialectological materials of the scientist and researcher I. H. Verkhratskyi are still actively used to study the Galician and Transcarpathian dialects. His achievements as a scientist, teacher and popularizer of science has been summarized.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Barna, M., & Barna, S. (2013). Ivan Verkhratskyi [Ivan Verkhratskyi]. Vydatni vcheni–botaniky – Outstanding scientists-botanists. (pp. 31–32). Ternopil: Terno-graf LLC [in Ukrainian].

Bezdrobnyi, Yu., Kozurskyi, V., & Shenderovskyi, V. (2012). Verkhratskyi Ivan (1846–1919). [Verkhratskyi Ivan (1846–1919)]. Vydatni ukrainski vcheni u svitovii nautsi: Styslyi dovidnyk – Outstanding Ukrainian scientists in world science: Concise guide (pp. 13–14). Kyiv: Primedruk LLC. Retrieved from http://man.gov.ua/files/49/Dovidnyk_Shenderovskiy.pdf [in Ukrainian].

Bury, J. (2020). Common Glider – Neptis sappho (Pallas, 1771) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in south-eastern Poland: another case of oversight or rapid range expansion of a species considered extinct? Annals of the upper silesian museum in bytom, entomology, 29(online006), 1–20. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4066591

Ciwkacz, O. (2009). Twórczość Juliusza Słowackiego w ukraińskich czasopismach i drukach zwartych końca XIX i początku XX wieku (1876–1910). Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum, 15, 49–58. Retrieved from https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl/handle/11089/152 [in Polish]

Czetyrba-Piszczako, M. (2020). Ukranian verbs with multiple prefixes in the language of the inhabitants of Jarzeń. Papers in Linguistics, 22(4), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.31648/pj.5812 [in Polish].

Fałowski, A., & Hojsak, W. (2020). Z etymologii łemkowskich. Cz. V. LingVaria, 15(1(29)), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.12797/LV.15.2020.29.15 [in Polish]

Franko, I. (1986). Lyst do M. P. Drahomanova, 26 kvitnia 1890 [Letter to M. P. Drahomanov, April 26, 1890]. Zibrannia tvoriv: u 50-ty tomakh – Collection of works: in 50 volumes. Ye. P. Kyryliuk et al. (Eds.). USSR Academy of Sciences, T. G. Shevchenko Institute of Literature. (Vol. 49: Letters (1886–1894)). (p. 242). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka [in Ukrainian].

Gamaliia, V. M., Ruda, S. P., & Zabuga, G. V. (2021). Contribution of ukrainian scientists into the fight against plague. Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal, 83(2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.02.093.

Hamaliia, V. M. (2013). Terminolohichni pratsi I. H. Verkhratskoho u spravi rozrobky naukovo-pryrodnychoi nomenklatury [Terminological works of I. H. Verkhratskyi in the development of scientific and natural nomenclature]. Mahisterum: Movoznavchi studii – Magisterum: Linguistic Studies, 50, 18–23 [in Ukrainian].

Holovatskyi, I. D. (2003). Verkhratskyi Ivan Hryhorovych [Verkhratskyi Ivan Hryhorovych]. Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy – Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine. V. A. Smoliy et al. (Eds.). (Vol. 1: А – В). (p. 494). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka Publishing House [in Ukrainian].

Kessler, K. F. (1860). Puteshestvie s zoologicheskoj cel'yu k severnomu beregu Chernogo morya i v Krym v 1858 godu [Universitetskaya tipografiya Travel with a zoological purpose to the northern shore of the Black Sea and the Crimea in 1858]. Kyiv: University typography [in Ukrainian].

Khomliak, M., & Shenderovskyi, V. (2003). Ivan Verkhratskyi (1846–1919) – pryrodoznavets, filosof, pedahoh, pysmennyk [Ivan Verkhratskyi (1846–1919) – naturalist, philosopher, teacher, writer]. Vyznachni postati Ternopillia: biohrafichnyi zbirnyk – Prominent figures of Ternopil region: biography collection. O. Bench, W. Troyan (Eds.). (pp. 34–35). Kyiv: Dnipro [in Ukrainian].

Khudash, M. L. (1971). I. Verkhratskyi (do 125-richchia z dnia narodzhennia) [I. Verkhratskyi (to the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. Movoznavstvo – Linguistics, 1971, 4, 65 [in Ukrainian].

Kobiv, Yu. (1992). Tvortsi ukrainskoho pryrodoznavstva: Ivan Verkhratskyi ta Mykola Melnyk [Creators of Ukrainian natural science: Ivan Verkhratskyi and Mykola Melnyk]. Aksiomy dlia nashchadkiv: ukrainski imeni u svitovii nautsi: zbirnyk narysiv – Axioms for descendants: Ukrainian names in world science: collection of essays. (pp. 495–511). Lviv: Memorial [in Ukrainian].

Kravets, N. Ya., & Holiney, H. M. (2016). Ivan Hryhorovych Verkhratskyi–vyznachnyi pryrododoslidnyk, pedahoh, hromadskyi diiach (Do 168-richchia vid dnia narodzhennia) [Ivan Hryhorovych Verhratsky is a famous natural scientist, teather, philologist and social activist (by the 168 th annivtrsary)]. Naukovyi chasopys Natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni M. P. Drahomanova. Seriia 20: Biolohiia – Scientific journal of the National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Drahomanov. Series 20: Biology, 6, 175–180 [in Ukrainian].

Kubiyovych, V. (Ed.). (1993). Verkhratskyi Ivan (1846–1919) [Verkhratskyi Ivan (1846–1919)]. Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva: Perevydannia v Ukraini. Lviv – Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies: Reprints in Ukraine. (Vol. 1). (p. 234). Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko in Lviv [in Ukrainian].

Melnyk, M. (1922). Ukrainska nomenklatura vyshchykh roslyn [Ukrainian nomenclature of higher plants]. Zbirnyk matematychno-pryrodopysno-likarskoi sektsii NTSh – Collection of Mathematical-Natural-Medical Section of NTSh, 22. Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko [in Ukrainian].

Pantso, S., & Parasyn, N. (1996). Ivan Verkhratskyi: “Ia rusyn yesm” [Ivan Verkhratskyi: “I am a Rusyn”]. Ternopillia, 1996 : rehionalnyi richnyk : 5-richchiu Nezalezhnoi Ukrainskoi Derzhavy prysviachuietsia – Ternopil, 1996: regional yearbook: the 5th anniversary of the Independent Ukrainian State is dedicated. B. Kunevych, & M. Onys'kiv (Eds.). (Book 2). (pp. 95–100). Ternopil: Zbruch [in Ukrainian].

Romaniv, O. (1992). Peredmova [Preface]. In: Naukove tovarystvo imeni T. Shevchenka: Dva yuvilei [Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society: Two anniversaries]. (pp. 3–4). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka [in Ukrainian].

Rozhniatovska, O. (2015). Pryrododoslidnyk, movoznavets, filoloh: Do 170-richchia vid dnia narodzhennia Verkhratskoho (1846–1919) [Naturalist, linguist, philologist: To the 170th anniversary of the birth of Verkhratskyi (1846–1919)]. Daty i podii 2016, pershe pivrichchia: Kalendar znamennykh dat – Dates and events 2016, first half of the year: Calendar of significant dates, 1(7), 97–101 [in Ukrainian].

Shenderovskyi, V. (2006). Ivan Verkhratskyi (1846–1919). Natkhnennyk ukrainskoi pryrodnychoi nauky [Ivan Verkhratskyi (1846–1919). Inspirer of Ukrainian natural science]. Nekhai ne hasne svit nauky – Let the world of science not go out. (Vol. 3). (pp. 41–48). Kyiv: Rada [in Ukrainian].

Shevchuk, O. (2008). Ivan Verkhratskyi – avtor pershykh shkilnykh pidruchnykiv iz zoolohii ta botaniky ukrainskoiu movoiu [Ivan Verkhratskyi – author of the first school textbooks on zoology and botany in Ukrainian]. Studentskyi naukovyi visnyk Ternopilskyi natsionalnyi pedahohichnyi universytet imeni Volodymyra Hnatiuka – Student Scientific Bulletin of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 17, 90–92 [in Ukrainian].

Shumanska, N. (2005). Ivan Verkhratskyi – vchenyi, orhanizator i kerivnyk Matematychno-pryrodopysnnoi-likarskoi sektsii NTSh u Lvovi [Ivan Verkhratskyi – scientist, organizer and head of the Mathematical-natural-medical section of SSSh in Lviv]. Istoriia ukrainskoi nauky na mezhi tysiacholit – History of Ukrainian science at the turn of the millennium, 18, 231–237 [in Ukrainian].

Udvari, I., & Viga, G. (2005). Hiador Sztripszky, the Ethnographer? Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 50(1–3), 135–161. https://doi.org/10.1556/AEthn.50.2005.1-3.8

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1863). Deshcho pro svit bozhyi [Something about the world of God]. Kyiv: Druk. Myniatova i Fedorova. Kyiv: Printing House Myniatov and Fedorov [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1864). Pochatky do ulozhennia nomenklatury i terminolohii pryrodopysnoi, narodnoi i zamitka o voloskim pavuku [The beginnings to establish the nomenclature and terminology of natural history, of folk one and notes of walnut spider]. (Vol. 1). Lviv: M. F. Poremba Printing House [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1869). Pochatky do ulozhennia nomenklatury i terminolohii pryrodopysnoi, narodnoi [The beginnings to establish the nomenclature and terminology of natural history, of folk one]. (Vol. 2). Lviv: Stauropean Institute Printing House [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1877). Znadoby do slovaria yuzhnoruskoho [Utmost needings to the South Ruthenian Dictionary]. Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1879). Pochatky do ulozhennia nomenklatury i terminolohii pryrodopysnoi, narodnoi [The beginnings to establish the nomenclature and terminology of natural history, of folk one]. (Vol. 6). Lviv: Stauropean Institute Printing House [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1892). Spys vazhnishykh vyraziv z ruskoi botanichnoi terminolohii i nomenklatury z ohliadom na shkilnu nauku v vyshchykh klasakh himnazii [A list of the most important expressions in Ruthenian botanical terminology and nomenclature with a review of school science in the upper classes of the gymnasium]. Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko in Lviv [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1899). Znadoby dlia piznannia uhorsko-ruskykh hovoriv. Chastyna 1: Hovory z naholosom dvyzhymym [Needings for learning Hungarian-Ruthenian dialects. Part 1: Speak with a moving emphasis]. Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Shevchenka – Notes Scientific Society T. Shevchenk.o, (Vol. 27). Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1902). V spravi narodnoho yazyka [In the case of the national language]. Literaturno-naukovyi visnyk – Literary-scientific bulletin, 18, 82–125. [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1905). Botanika dlia nyzhchykh klasiv shkil serednikh [Botany for lower grades of secondary schools]. Lviv: Printing House Udilova. [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1908). Novi znadoby nomenklatury i terminolohii pryrodopysnoi, zibranoi mizh liudom [New needings of the nomenclature and terminology of natural history, collected among the people]. Zbirnyk matematychno-pryrodopysno-likarskoi sektsii NTSh – Collection of Mathematical-Natural-Medical Section of NTSh, 12, 1–84. Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko [in Ukrainian].

Verkhratskyi, I. H. (1909). Vyraznia mineralohichna [Terms mineralogical]. Zbirnyk matematychno-pryrodopysno-likarskoi sektsii NTSh – Collection of Mathematical-Natural-Medical Section of NTSh, 13, 1–64. Lviv: Scientific Society T. Shevchenko [in Ukrainian].

Zagorodniuk, I., Parkhomenko, V., & Kharchuk, S. (2017). Ivan Verkhratskyi ta yoho ohliad biolohii kazhaniv i khiropterofauny Halychyny (1869) [Ivan Verkhratsky and his review on bat biology and on the bat fauna of Galicia (1869)]. Pratsi teriolohichnoi shkoly Proceedings of the Theriological School, 15, 10–27. http://doi.org/10.15407/ptt2017.15.010 [in Ukrainian].

Zhelezniak, M. H. (2005). Verkhratskyi Ivan Hryhorovych (26.04.1846 – 29.11.1919) – pryrodoznavets, filoloh [Verkhratskyi Ivan Hryhorovych (April 26, 1846 – November 29, 1919) – naturalist, philologist]. Entsyklopediia Suchasnoi Ukrainy – Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine. I. M. Dziuba, A. I. Zhukovskyi, & O. M. Romaniv (Eds.). (Vol. 4), (p. 297). Kyiv: NAS of Ukraine; Scientific Society T. Shevchenko [in Ukrainian].


Abstract views: 619
PDF Downloads: 285
Published
2021-06-26
How to Cite
Vaniuha, L., Toporivska, Y., Hysa, O., Zharkova, I., & Bazhanov, M. (2021). I. H. Verkhratskyi (1846–1919): at the origins of Ukrainian natural science. History of Science and Technology, 11(1), 84-102. https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-84-102